A ship does not automatically enter the Void just because it reaches 0.01c. Plenty of objects go faster than that in real space. Instead, what an astrogator is doing during acceleration is plotting gravitational potentials between planets, stars, and other celestial phenomena. The gravity wells surrounding various objects cause complex dips and hills in the potential energy of gravity. Imagine a rubber sheet with heavy balls placed on it. The balls are massive stellar objects. Now imagine a small, light ball as your starship. Roll the starship-ball among the star-balls: the starship-ball will roll up and down the hills in the rubber sheet. Now roll the starship-ball really fast along the same path. When it hits the gravity wells, it'll bounce up off the sheet. It enters the Void. The faster you roll the starship-ball, the farther it will fly before it lands on the sheet again.

A Frontier day is 20 hours. It takes 10 hours per light year of the route to accelerate at 1 g and to perform the astrogation calculations. The astrogator's job is to set the ship on exactly the right course such that when it hits the gravity well at exactly the right speed the ship will bounce off the imaginary rubber sheet exactly the right distance to land again in the gravity well of a distant star. Go too fast on the wrong course or at the wrong point on the right course in the local gravity well and you could be unexpectedly flung the wrong distance or in the wrong direction.

The upshot of all this is that it takes a number of days equal to the number of light years between systems to get from one system to another. The astrogator only has to plot the jump while the ship is accelerating and not after the jump. It's possible to accelerate some, then drift, then accelerate some more, where the astrogator only works during the acceleration, because he can update the course from the new position. This way, ships with only one astrogator can let the astrogator sleep every day.

No, a Frontier week is eight days: "The typical work week is five days of work with three days off." (Alpha Dawn Expanded Rules, p. 55)

The tenday is used to track the Second Sathar War, and the Royal Marines of Clarion are paid every tenday.

Notice that both the Knight Hawks rules and Warriors of White Light also refer to weeks. Miners, for instance, have to check for hazards once per week.

Given a 400-day year and an 8-day week, that likely gives you 10 months of 40 days, each broken into five 8-day weeks. But each planet is likely to keep its own, calendar to match with astronomical realities.

But remember, Galactic Standard Time is more theoretical than actual. Each planet will have a completely different system based on its own rotation and revolution. Days on Gran Quivera are only 15 hours long, not 20, and days on Zik-kit are 65 hours. What's a week? Do people work some days in daylight and some days in darkness? Does the day/night work-cycle change over the course of a "month"? Do people have to adapt their bodies to very short or very long sleep cycles?

1> it takes 140 hours of accel/deceleration for a void jump in SF (compared to 168 hours mentioned for Traveller), and

2> unless the captain orders the astrogator to smoke the jump, it will always take longer for the astrogator to plot the course --- even on the shortest routes --- than it will to accelerate into the void. In other words, you can't plot as you go...you have to start plotting before you go and that adds extra time to the voyage.

It also doesn't hurt that your characters get a free week+ worth of wages for doing...not much at all (unless you're the astrogator) during the course of a jump.

I am in support of the highest level computer brain being used for astrogation with the caveat that a sapient being must comtrol it and order it.  The zethra above is both rolled into one.

I don't buy the "rogue AI" story either. If AIs are that unreliable, why do they run entire city infrastructures?

Good point to ponder.  I feel just fine giving that power to a city, but am reserved about giving players that power.  Maybe it is about the size of the AI's hardware.  A city can afford to dedicate a building and power to the AI but a ship may need to be larger than what the PCs can manage on their own to house the AI hardware.  Let's ponder on this more.

If we go by the usual rule of thumb that a (metric) ton (register ton) equals 100 cubic feet, or 2.832 cubic meters, then we have less than a register ton of computer. That'll still fit in a single two-meter square (not counting the type 2 power generator, whose mass we don't know).

So even a city-controlling mega-computer is nowhere near room-sized. No reason you can't install one on your spaceship.

A level 6 Analysis program is beyond our computer technology today, let alone that of the Eighties. It wouldn't take a mainframe in the Frontier; it would take a level 3 computer, which is 20 kg and probaby the size of a modern workstation.

Next to the constant workload of an astrogator, by comparison the rest of the crew really isn't doing much to earn their wage. While the astrogator is constantly working (when he/she is not sleeping), the rest of the crew is merely reacting to what little is actually happening along the way. Pilots are standing by to take over the auto-pilot function, engineers are merely monitoring gauges and making occasional adjustments to keep the motors running, medics are reading their journals waiting for someone to complain of a tummy ache, and gunners are, well...doing absolutely nothing as long as the radar screen is clean (unless of course they happen to be dual-role crew, meaning they double as technicians/engineers/co-pilots/or even astrogators).

The big difference is once at the destination, it's the astrogator that gets to relax while the rest of the crew is busy tending to the ship offloading supplies/passsengers/cargo/overhauling drives/etc.